Biochim Biophys Acta 1486:117 Steiber A, Kerner J, Hoppel CL (2004) Carnitine: a nutritional, biosynthetic, and functional perspective
The Mod denotes a few amino acid modifications that help the peptide resist enzymatic breakdown
Brooks SA, Luty SB, Lai HY, Morse SJ, Royer L, Agarwal A, Druker BJ, Fleischman AG JAK2V617I results in cytokine hypersensitivity without causing an overt myeloproliferative disorder in a mouse model
Key conjugation reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, amino acid conjugation, glutathione conjugation, acetylation, and methylation, each playing a role in detoxifying xenobiotics
And a lactam bridge is formed between an aspartate and a lysine side chain, cyclizing the peptide into a ring rather than leaving it linear
Notably, BoNT/X was approximately tenfold more toxic than X(PC) in this cell line, as measured by CellTiter-Glo assay 48 h after transfection (Extended Data Fig