It also faces certain development challenges, showing an overall trend of coexisting potential and opportunities, which can be summarized in the following aspects
people at higher risk of deficiency include older adults, those with gastrointestinal issues that impair absorption, people whove had gastric surgery, long-term strict vegans who do not supplement, and those on certain acid-reducing medicines
Dietary deficiency: Vegans (strict vegetarians who do not eat any meat, fish, egg, or dairy products) can develop vitamin B 12 deficiency because they lack vitamin B 12 in their diets
biology and engineering must both weigh in
Aging Cell
However, doses higher that 1ml should not be administered via the upper arm