Dong M, Vongchampa V, Gingipalli L, Cloutier J-F, Kow YW, OConnor T, et al
In phase 2 clinical trials, investigators tested both conservative (1 mg starting dose) and more accelerated (2 mg to 4 mg) starting doses, depending on the study arm
WADA prohibits certain growth factors and related substances, including IGF-1 and analogues, in sport, so athlete use can raise regulatory and eligibility concerns beyond medical safety [22]
What are the long-term risks
It increases the Nrf2-Keap1-antioxidant response element (ARE), which helps maintain healthy anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, detoxification and autophagy actions
On the gastrointestinal front, literature has described mucosal barrier protection via modulation of endogenous prostaglandin (PGE2) and heat shock proteins (HSP70/90)