GLP-1 acts on the GLP-1R, activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including the cAMP/PKA pathway, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and pathways related to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress responses, among others
For people with a history of dieting or disordered eating, however, reduced appetite may also raise concerns about maintaining adequate nutrition or navigating past challenges with food
This appears largely due to the ability of GIPR agonism to suppress the nausea caused by GLP1R agonism
For instance, oral supplements may cause gastrointestinal issues, while IV therapy may lead to more immediate reactions, such as flushing or dizziness
Leveraging the Incretin Effect for the Treatment of T2DM Because of the apparent lack of beta-cell responsiveness to GIP in patients with poorly controlled T2DM, most therapeutic strategies have focused on enhancing the activity of GLP-1
This subtle shift reduces impulsive snacking and latenight fridge raids without triggering the shock response that can derail daytoday life