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The lack of vitamin B12 may result from any of the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia this condition causes autoantibody formation against parietal cells, which results in a lack of IF essential for absorption of vitamin B12 from the intestine Malabsorption impaired absorption of vitamin B12 Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery these include atrophic gastritis, celiac disease, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, pancreatic insufficiency, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric carcinoma, and total or partial gastrectomy Diphyllobothrium latum and related species (the fish tapeworm) infestation these parasites compete with vitamin B12 for intestinal absorption
But for dogs dealing with stubborn joint pain, slow-healing injuries, or conditions that havent responded well to conventional treatment, its one of the more interesting options available right now
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[2] Appropriate maternal folic acid intake is essential to the fetus during pregnancy, and no problems with maternal supplementation to achieve adequate intake goals are known
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People with digestive conditions, adults over 50, and those who feel run-down, foggy, or low on energy also often look into injections
