Several studies have demonstrated that NAD + metabolism is involved in neuronal function and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (Hikosaka et al., 2019) and that NAD + levels in tissues can produce beneficial therapeutical effects in this type of diseases (Kulikova et al., 2018)
That data does not exist in the peer-reviewed record
Individual tolerance varies, and sensitive stomachs may react to sudden changes
Whilst vitamin B12 toxicity is exceptionally rare due to its water-soluble nature, very high levelsparticularly from mega-dose supplements or frequent injectionshave been associated with certain adverse effects, most notably skin reactions
The decision to incorporate supplements depends on clinical evaluations, the patients commitment & their understanding of melasma management
While the exact mechanism remains debated, clinical observations suggest that B12 supplementation reduces nausea severity in a subset of users