Studies in obese rodents fed high-fat diets for extended periods show that diminished carnitine reserves in skeletal muscle are accompanied by marked perturbations in mitochondrial fuel metabolism, including reduced complete fatty acid oxidation, elevated incomplete -oxidation, and impaired substrate switching from fatty acid to pyruvate oxidation
But sedentary lifestyle, stress, environmental toxins, age, poor nutrition, & many other factors negatively impact glutathione levels
Research on Gila monster venom identified a peptide called exendin-4, which mimics GLP-1 but has a longer half-life, making it suitable for drug development
11 Interestingly, the antidepressant effects of ALC appeared most robust in older adults, suggesting age-related differences in mitochondrial or neurochemical pathways might mediate its psychotherapeutic actions
Drugs 81 , 841848 (2021)
By dampening these reward signals, GLP-1s may help reduce the craving for alcohol, offering a new tool in the fight against addiction