Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26(5):757-764
Research Background
The small studies on knee pain and bladder pain are interesting, but they involved fewer than 30 patients total
Int J Mol Sci 15:56495662 Li G, Fu J, Zhao Y, Ji K, Luan T, Zang B (2015) Alpha-lipoic acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat mesangial cells via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) signaling pathway
Common Side Effects water retention or puffiness increased appetite fatigue or daytime sleepiness headaches nausea or dizziness redness or irritation at the injection site These effects are usually manageable and often improve as the body adjusts or as dosing is refined under medical supervision
In many disease states, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, etc., the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are obviously different from those of healthy bowel microbiota (Tilg and Moschen, 2014